total debt to gdp


  • Why Economic Growth Rates Affect Views on Deficit Spending

    Deficit spending means that a government is choosing not to raise taxes today to pay for that spending but is choosing to wait until tomorrow, Faria-e-Castro said. When federal spending exceeds revenue, the difference is a deficit.The government mostly borrows money to make up the difference. The total national debt is an accumulation of federal de...

  • Investors in Some Countries’ Debt Worry About Default

    Investors in some countries’ debt may be concerned about the potential for default. Say the government of “Country X” borrows money to cover its deficits, Faria-e-Castro said. Investors—many of them international—buy that debt and then want to be repaid. “One day, the president of Country X can just organize a press conference and just tell people,...

  • Why Independent Central Banks Matter

    Faria-e-Castro explained why independent central banks make a difference to a country's borrowing. Here's an excerpt of that conversation. Countries that are not politically stable and don’t have independent central banks are not going to have very credible institutions, Faria-e-Castro said. As a consequence, they can’t borrow easily: Investors won...

How is total debt calculated?

Total Debt is calculated as sum of Liabilities for NonFinancial Business, Federal Government, State and Local Government, Households & Nonprofit Organizations and Financial Business less Mutual Fund Shares. Federal Reserve Board provides Total Debt in local currency. Bureau of Economic Analysis provides Nominal GDP in local currency.

How can the debt to GDP ratio be reduced?

There are two ways in which the debt to GDP ratio can be reduced: The government tries to take control of the budget deficit by converting it into a budget surplus by keeping the expenditure less than the revenue generated through taxes. However, it does so, while ensuring the growth of the economy is not negatively affected.

How is gfdebtn calculated?

It is calculated using Federal Government Debt: Total Public Debt (GFDEBTN) and Gross Domestic Product, 1 Decimal (GDP): GFDEBTN/1000 transforms GFDEBTN from millions of dollars to billions of dollars.

Does a high debt-to-GDP ratio pose a risk to a country's economy?

If a country has strong institutions, interest rates on the debt will be low, which means the cost of borrowing will be low, Faria-e-Castro said. Because the institutional strength and riskiness of countries varies, there’s no rule of thumb for how high a debt-to-GDP ratio can be before it poses a risk to a country’s economy.

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