air pollution in china journal article
How is air pollution a problem in China?
Electricity generation has historically been the main source of China's air pollution.
However, large coal-powered industries, which are key drivers of China's economic development, have increasingly contributed to China's air pollution problems.What is the impact of the drive for economic development on pollution in China?
The empirical results show that the economic growth targets are “overweight” from the higher-level governments to the lower-level governments, which significantly aggravates regional environmental pollution because of environmental regulation relaxation, blocked industrial structure upgrades and technological
What was the air pollution in China in the 1980s?
In the 1980s, acid rain became China's first serious cross-regional air pollution problem, as the extensive use of coal and other fossil fuels led to substantial emissions of SO2 and NOx.
The total annual cost of air pollution in China is estimated to be $900 billion each year with costs in the U.S. running to $600 billion annually.
Indian cities have scored unfavorably in air pollution indexes for years and the issue costs the country $150 billion per year on average.
Overview
Download PDF Over the past decade, China’s once-pollution-choked skies have steadily improved, according to more than two decades of atmospheric measurements taken by NASA satellites. But researchers say that there is still a long way to go to clean China’s air and protect the health of its citizens. The speed at which China has reduced its air pollution has been “impressive”, says Chi Li, an atmospheric scientist at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, owing to technological solutions and ambitious policies. Each year, air pollution is responsible for more than four million premature deaths globally — including an estimated one million in China — primarily from heart disease, lung cancer and respiratory illnesses. Fine particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 micrometres or less — referred to as PM2.5 — is the most concerning air pollutant, says Li. nature.com
Smokestack solutions
The decline in PM2.5 is the result of targeted efforts by China over the past two decades to address poor air quality. Upgrades to coal-fired power plants have had the biggest effect so far, says Qiang Zhang, an atmospheric scientist at Tsinghua University in Beijing. Since 2004, the Chinese government has provided subsidies to retrofit smokestacks in coal-fired power plants with filters and other equipment to remove sulfur dioxide — a molecule that reacts with other compounds in the atmosphere to form PM2.5 particles — from emissions. nature.com
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