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Mar 6 2021 · Three subfamilies of ants make up the most important structural ant pests Formicinae (formic acid sprayers) Dolichoderinae (stinky ants) Myrmicinae (ants with stingers) Ants in the subfamily Formicinae (ants that spray formic acid) • Single node (pedicel) • Tip of abdomen with fringe of hairs Characteristics

PDF Ask A Biologist

learn In an ant colony every ant has a job too Some look after baby ants others collect and prepare food There are ants that dig and clean the nest Some ants are born to do one job Others do many different jobs as they grow

PDF Ask A Biologist

This is a companion PDF for these online articles:

  • Are ants a worker ant?

    Ants have many body parts that are normally hard to see without a magnifying glass or microscope. Each structure has its own special function. When you come across an ant on the ground, it’s almost always a worker ant. Workers are adult females that don’t reproduce, but perform all the other jobs needed to keep an ant colony alive and healthy.

  • How do you keep ants off a CD?

    Use an eyedropper or similar device to add approximately 2 tablespoons of water to the ant farm through the farm’s entry hole. This water will soak down through the rest of the ant farm to provide enough moisture for the ants. Add ants into the top CD case, and close the lid, being careful to avoid crushing the ants.

  • How do you study ants?

    Foraging behavior is easy to observe and can be studied in the field, lab, or classroom. Based on your knowledge of the ants you are studying, hypothesize what types of food you think they prefer. Explain why. For example, you could hypothesize whether they prefer sugary foods (e.g., sugar, honey water) or protein-rich foods (e.g., tuna, dog food).

Learn More

This is a companion PDF for these online articles: askabiologist.asu.edu

Collecting Ants

http://askabiologist.asu.edu/explore/collecting-ants askabiologist.asu.edu

Secrets of a Superorganism

http://askabiologist.asu.edu/explore/secrets-superorganism askabiologist.asu.edu

Ants, 1-6

A brief background on ants, ant anatomy, the individual life cycle and the colony life cycle askabiologist.asu.edu

Analyzing the Data, 18-19

An overview of how to analyze data and graph examples askabiologist.asu.edu

A brief background

Ants are everywhere - they thrive in forests, fields, deserts, and cities all over earth. But what is the secret behind their success? Like humans, ants are social. They live and work together in highly organized societies called colonies. In fact, most ant colonies are so united toward the common purposes of survival, growth, and reproduction that

Does the queen control the colony?

No. Despite her size and royal title, the queen doesn't boss the workers around. Instead, workers decide which tasks to perform based on personal preferences, interactions with nestmates, and cues from the environment. The colony exhibits a division of labor where diferent individuals specialize on diferent jobs. Younger ants often work inside the

Are all ants pests?

No. Ants serve many roles in nature, some of which are beneficial to humans. They eat other insects, pollinate plants, disperse seeds, move soil, and circulate nutrients. Because ants perform all these functions, they are a key component of many ecosystems. askabiologist.asu.edu

Which hurts worse, an ant’s bite or its sting?

Usually its sting. The bite of most ants (except for really big ones) feels like a weak pinch. But even tiny ants can deliver venom through their stings, resulting in burning, itching, and/ or swelling. Hence, names like fire ant and bullet ant. Remember though that many ants don’t have stingers and are more or less harmless to humans. askabiologist.asu.edu

Ant Anatomy

Imagine being the size of an ant. Be careful - a face-to-face encounter with an ant would be scary and potentially life-threatening But, if you avoided being eaten, you could learn a lot about ant anatomy from a close-up view. Ants have many body parts that are normally hard to see without a magnifying glass or microscope. Each structure has its o

Gaster

Gaster Mandibles Mandibles Antennae Antennae Legs Legs askabiologist.asu.edu

Mesosoma Gaster Mesosoma Gaster

Post-petiole Petiole Post-petiole Compound eyes Petiole Sting askabiologist.asu.edu

Legs

All ants may look the same to you, but if you look closely at workers from diferent ant species, you may see some diferences. We have pointed a few of them out using an asterisk ( * ) symbol. Compound eyes Compound eyes Antennae Antennae Head askabiologist.asu.edu

Gaster

Petiole Mandibles Antennae Legs Head Mesosoma Gaster Post-petiole Compound eyes Petiole Mandibles Antennae Legs askabiologist.asu.edu

Ant Heads

Like you and me, ants use their heads to sense information about the world around them. This is very important for their survival and the life of the colony. If you watch an ant’s head, the antennae are always moving back and forth, touching, tasting, and smelling everything within reach. Each antenna is bent in the middle like the elbow of a human

Compound eyes Ocelli Mandibles Mouth Antennae

Ants communicate mainly using chemicals, which they sense with their antennae. They release pheromones with specific messages, such as “Follow me to food” or “Attack the intruder”. In addition, nestmates recognize one another by chemicals on their bodies. The queen is coated with a unique blend of chemicals that advertises her presence. Ants can

The Many Faces of Ants

Ant heads, especially the eyes and mandibles, come in all shapes and sizes and provide clues to the kinds of food ants eat and the diferent lifestyles they live. The structure of an ant’s head corresponds to its function, so you can tell a lot about an ant from its face. The shape of the head and mandibles and size of the eyes can reveal the diet

Individual Life Cycle

Ants undergo complete metamorphosis, a dramatic change in body form, passing through a sequence of four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. askabiologist.asu.edu

Egg

An ant’s life begins as an egg. Ant eggs are soft, oval, and tiny – about the size of a period at the end of a sentence. Not all eggs are destined to become adults – some are eaten by nestmates for extra nourishment. askabiologist.asu.edu

Larvae

An egg hatches into a worm-shaped larva with no eyes or legs. Larvae are eating machines that rely on adults to provide a constant supply of food. As a result, they grow rapidly, molting (shedding their skin) between sizes. askabiologist.asu.edu

Pupa

When a larva is large enough, it metamorphoses Queen (female) Eggs Male Larvae into a pupa. This is a stage of rest and reorganization. Pupae look more like adults, but their legs and antennae are folded against their bodies. They start out whitish and gradually become darker. The pupae of some species spin a cocoon for protection, while others rem

Adult

Finally, the pupa emerges as an adult. Young adults are often lighter in color, but darken as they age. The process of development from egg to adult can take from several weeks to months, depending on the species and the environment. Like all insects, ants are full-grown when they become adults. Their exoskeletons prevent them from getting any larg

Males

Males have wings and fly to mate with queens. They live for only a few weeks and never help with the chores of the colony. The only time you’ll encounter a male ant is during mating, because they die shortly afterward. Like queens, males have wings and muscular mesosomas for flying. But males are typically not as large as queens and have smaller he

Workers

Workers are females that were fed less as larvae. They do not reproduce, but perform other jobs, such as taking care of the brood, building and cleaning the nest, and gathering food. Workers are wingless and typically survive for several months. In most species, all workers are roughly the same size, but some ants have diferent sizes of workers tha

Queens

Queens are females that were fed more as larvae. They are larger than workers and lay all the eggs in a colony – up to millions in some species Queens initially have wings and fly to find a mate(s), but they tear them of before starting a new colony. A queen can live for decades under the right conditions. askabiologist.asu.edu

Colony Life Cycle

Like individual ants, ant colonies also undergo a sequences of changes known as the colony life cycle. askabiologist.asu.edu

Founding

Instructional programs from prekindergarten through grade 12 should enable all students to: Formulate questions that can be addressed with data and collect, organize, and display relevant data to answer them Develop and evaluate inferences and predictions that are based on data Select and use appropriate statistical methods to analyze data Understa

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