clojure spec tutorial

What is a map type in Clojure?
One common occurrence in Clojure is to use maps as tagged entities and a special field that indicates the "type" of the map where type indicates a potentially open set of types, often with shared attributes across the types.
How do I use spec in Clojure?
To use spec, declare a dependency on Clojure 1.9.0 or higher: To start working with spec, require the clojure.spec.alpha namespace at the REPL: Each spec describes a set of allowed values. There are several ways to build specs and all of them can be composed to build more sophisticated specs.

Setting Up Clojure Spec

The Start To start using Clojure Spec, you'll first need to include it in your project. If you're using Leiningen, add [org.clojure/clojure "1.9.0"] to your project.cljdependencies. Importing The Library Once the dependency is set, import the Spec libraryin your Clojure file. Basic Spec Definition To define a simple spec, use the s/deffunction. This function takes a keyword and a predicate function. marketsplash.com

Basic Syntax and Usage

Defining Predicates In Clojure Spec, predicates are functions that return a boolean value. You can use built-in predicates or define your own. Using Regex Specs Regex specsallow you to specify sequences, like a vector of integers followed by strings. Specifying Maps To specify the structure of a map, use s/keys. You can define required and optional keys. marketsplash.com

Data Validation with Spec

Validating Simple Data One of the primary uses of Clojure Spec is to validate data. The s/valid?function checks if a given value conforms to a spec. Explaining Validation Errors When data doesn't conform, it's useful to know why. The s/explainfunction provides a detailed reason. Conforming Data Sometimes, you want to transform data to fit a spec. The s/conformfunction can help. marketsplash.com

Function Specifications

Specifying Function Arguments In Clojure Spec, you can specify the expected types of function arguments using s/fdef. This adds an extra layer of validation to your functions. Return Value Specs You can also specify the return value of a function using the :ret key in s/fdef. Validating Function Behavior Once you've defined specs for a function, you can use s/valid-fn?to validate the function's behavior. marketsplash.com

Generative Testing

Generating Test Data One of the standout features of Clojure Spec is its ability to generate test data. The s/genfunction creates a generator for a given spec. Running Generative Tests To actually run tests, you can use s/quick-check. This function takes a generator and a test function. Custom Generators You're not limited to the default generators. Custom generators can be defined using gen/fmap, gen/bind, and other functions from the clojure.test.check.generatorsnamespace. marketsplash.com

Error Handling and Reporting

Basic Error Reporting When validation fails, Clojure Spec provides multiple ways to report errors. The s/explainfunction is one such method. Detailed Error Data For programmatic access to error details, you can use s/explain-data. Throwing Exceptions If you prefer to halt execution when a spec is violated, s/assertcan be used. marketsplash.com

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