acid catalyzed hydrolysis of nitriles mechanism
What is the mechanism of acid hydrolysis of nitrile?
What happens when nitriles undergo acid hydrolysis? Under acidic conditions, instead of getting an ammonium salt, carboxylic acid is formed.
For example, Ethanenitrile on getting hydrolysed in hydrochloric acid gives ethanamide in the first step, while ethanoic acid and ammonium chloride in the second step.What is the mechanism of nitrile carboxylic acid?
Nitriles can be hydrolyzed to carboxylic acids in acidic aqueous solutions, and to carboxylate salts with base-catalyzed hydrolysis: In both cases, the transformation consists of two main parts; conversion of the nitrile to an amide and hydrolysis of the amide to the corresponding carboxylic acid.
The first step in acid-catalyzed amide hydrolysis is the protonation of the carbonyl oxygen atom of the amide group.
The rate-determining step is the nucleophilic attack of a water molecule to the carbon atom of the amide group.
During this process one proton is transferred to the water phase.
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